Fig 2: CAFs-derived EVs are successfully isolated and identified. (A) Representative images of CAFs (scale bar=100 μm) and identification of CAFs using antibodies against vimentin, α-SMA, and FAP determined by flow cytometry. (B) Transmission electron microscopy indicating EVs isolated from CAFs-conditioned medium (scale bar=200 nm). (C) Detection of the diameter of CAFs-EVs by nanosight tracking analysis. (D) The bands of EVs markers CD63, HSP70, CD9, CD81 and TSG101 in EV-enriched conditioned medium evaluated by western blot analysis, normalized to GAPDH. CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; EVs, extracellular vesicles; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; FAP, prolyl endopeptidase FAP; CD63, CD63 antigen; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; CD9, CD9 antigen; CD81, CD81 antigen; TSG101, tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein.

Fig 3: Diagram illustrating the dual role of Tx-01 in serous OvCaIn the ascitic CTCs, Tx-01 interacts with mHSP70, recognized by ascitic NK cell, and acts as a marker of good prognosis. Intracellular Tx-01 interrupts the interaction of HSP70 and NICD, blocking HSP70 nuclear translocation to reduce cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth.

Fig 4: Verification of the identity of serum exosomes isolated from healthy donors.A, transmission electron micrographs of the isolated exosomes revealed typical cup-shaped structures with a diameter of approximately 30 to 150 nm. The scale bar represent 500 nm. B, Western blotting analysis of the exosomes showed that TNBC serum-derived exosomes expressed traditional exosome markers TSG101, HSP70, Alix, and CD63, but not endoplasmic reticulum marker calreticulin, compared with whole-cell lysates (WCLs). MDA-MB-231 WCL was used as a control. C, NTA of serum exosomes revealed a similar exosome mode (111.8 nm). NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer.

Fig 5: High expression of HSP70, Hif1α, MMP2, MMP14, and cortactin in OSCC. Histoscores of Hsp70 (A), Hif1α (B), cortactin (C), MMP14 (D), and MMP2 (E) in both tumor and normal tissues, and observed significantly higher expression levels of these proteins in OSCC tissues. Means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 versus the NM group; Student’s t-test analysis.